DEFINITIONS OF
TERMS
Notes:
1. Definitions
apply throughout both the Munitions List and Dual-use Goods List. The
references are purely advisory and have no effect on the universal application
of defined terms throughout these Lists.
2. Words
and terms contained in the Definitions of Terms only take the defined meaning
where this is indicated by their being enclosed in quotations marks (“ ”).
Elsewhere, words and terms take their commonly accepted (dictionary) meanings,
unless a local definition for a particular control is given. (L.N. 183 of 1999)
3 6 |
“III/V compounds” (III/V化合物) Polycrystalline or binary or complex
monocrystalline products consisting of elements of groups IIIA and VA of
Mendeleyev’s periodic classification table (e.g. gallium arsenide,
gallium-aluminium arsenide, indium phosphide). (L.N. 254 of 2008; E.R. 6 of 2020) |
2 6 |
“Accuracy” (精度) (Usually measured in terms of inaccuracy) is
the maximum deviation, positive or negative, of an indicated value from an accepted
standard or true value. |
7 |
“Active flight control systems” (主動飛控系統) Function to prevent undesirable “aircraft”
and missile motions or structural loads by autonomously processing outputs
from multiple sensors and then providing necessary preventive commands to
effect automatic control. |
6 |
“Active pixel” (工作像元) (L.N. 89 of 2021) A minimum (single) element of the solid state
array which has a photoelectric transfer function when exposed to light
(electromagnetic) radiation. |
ML8 |
“Additives” (添加劑) Substances used in explosive formulations to
improve their properties. |
1 7 9 ML8 ML10 ML14 |
“Aircraft” (飛機) A fixed wing, swivel wing, rotary wing
(helicopter), tilt rotor or tilt-wing airborne vehicle. (See also “civil
aircraft”) |
9 |
“Airship” (飛船) A power-driven airborne vehicle that is kept
buoyant by a body of gas (usually helium, formerly hydrogen) that is lighter
than air. (L.N. 89 of 2013) |
2 |
“All compensations available” (所有補償機制) “All compensations available” means after all
feasible measures available to the manufacturer to minimize all systematic
positioning errors for the particular machine-tool model or measuring errors
for the particular coordinate measuring machine are considered. (L.N. 132 of 2001; L.N. 161 of 2011) |
3 5 |
“Allocated by the ITU” (由國際電信聯盟指配) The allocation of frequency bands according
to the current edition of the ITU Radio Regulations for primary, permitted
and secondary services. (L.N. 95 of
2006) N.B.: Additional and alternative allocations are
not included. (L.N. 132 of 2001) |
7 |
“Angle random walk” (角度隨機遊走) The angular error build-up with time that is
due to white noise in angular rate (IEEE STD 528-2001). (L.N. 254 of 2008) |
2 |
“Angular position deviation” (角位置誤差) The maximum difference between angular
position and the actual, very accurately measured angular position after the
workpiece mount of the table has been turned out of its initial position. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
0 1 9 |
“ASTM” The American Society for Testing and
Materials. |
5 |
“Asymmetric algorithm” (非對稱演算法) A cryptographic algorithm using different,
mathematically-related keys for encryption and decryption. Technical Note:
(L.N. 132 of 2001) A common use of “asymmetric algorithms” is
key management. (L.N. 183 of 1999) |
5 |
“Authentication” (核證) Verifying the identity of a user, process or
device, often as a prerequisite to allowing access to resources in an
information system. This includes verifying the origin or content of a
message or other information, and all aspects of access control where there
is no encryption of files or text except as directly related to the
protection of passwords, Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) or similar data
to prevent unauthorized access. (L.N.
89 of 2021) |
ML11 |
“Automated Command and Control Systems” (自動化指揮及控制系統) Electronic systems, through which information
essential to the effective operation of the grouping, major formation,
tactical formation, unit, ship, sub-unit or weapons under command is entered,
processed and transmitted. This is achieved by the use of computer and other
specialised hardware designed to support the functions of a military command
and control organization. The main functions of an automated command and
control system are: the efficient automated collection, accumulation, storage
and processing of information; the display of the situation and the
circumstances affecting the preparation and conduct of combat operations;
operational and tactical calculations for the allocation of resources among
force groupings or elements of the operational order of battle or battle
deployment according to the mission or stage of the operation; the
preparation of data for appreciation of the situation and decision-making at
any point during operation or battle; computer simulation of operations. (L.N. 226 of 2009) |
6 |
“Automatic target tracking” (自動目標追蹤) A processing technique that automatically
determines and provides as output an extrapolated value of the most probable
position of the target in real time. |
6 |
“Average output power” (平均輸出功率) The total “laser” output energy, in joules,
divided by the period over which a series of consecutive pulses is emitted,
in seconds. For a series of uniformly-spaced pulses it is equal to the total
“laser” output energy in a single pulse, in joules, multiplied by the pulse
frequency of the “laser”, in Hertz. (L.N.
89 of 2013) |
3 |
“Basic gate propagation delay time” (基本閘傳遞延遲時間) The propagation delay time value
corresponding to the basic gate used in a “monolithic integrated circuit”.
For a ‘family’ of “monolithic integrated circuits”, this may be specified
either as the propagation delay time per typical gate within the given
‘family’ or as the typical propagation delay time per gate within the given
‘family’. Technical Notes: 1. “Basic
gate propagation delay time” is not to be confused with the input/output
delay time of a complex “monolithic integrated circuit”. 2. ‘Family’
consists of all integrated circuits to which all of the following are applied
as their manufacturing methodology and specifications except their respective
functions: (a) The
common hardware and software architecture; (b) The
common design and process technology; and (c) The
common basic characteristics. (L.N. 132
of 2001) |
GTN NTN |
“Basic scientific research” (基本科學研究) Experimental or theoretical work undertaken
principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of
phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific
practical aim or objective. |
7 |
“Bias” (accelerometer) (原偏置) (加速度計) The average over a specified time of
accelerometer output measured at specified operating conditions that has no
correlation with input acceleration or rotation. “Bias” is expressed in [m/s2,
g] (IEEE STD 528-2001) (micro g equals 1 × 10-6 g). (L.N. 254 of 2008) |
7 |
“Bias” (gyro) (原偏置) (陀螺儀) The average over a specified time of gyro
output measured at specified operating conditions that has no correlation
with input rotation or acceleration. “Bias” is typically expressed in degrees
per hour (deg/h) (IEEE STD 528-2001). (L.N.
254 of 2008) |
ML7 ML22 |
“Biocatalysts” (生物催化劑) (L.N. 42 of 2017) ‘Enzymes’ for specific chemical or
biochemical reactions or other biological compounds which bind to and
accelerate the degradation of CW agents. (L.N.
42 of 2017) Technical Note: ‘Enzymes’ means “biocatalysts” for specific
chemical or biochemical reactions. (L.N.
132 of 2001) |
1 9 ML7 |
“Biological agents” (生物劑) Pathogens or toxins, selected or modified
(such as altering purity, shelf life, virulence, dissemination
characteristics, or resistance to UV radiation) to produce casualties in
humans or animals, degrade equipment or damage crops or the environment. (L.N. 89 of 2021) |
ML7 |
“Biopolymers” (生物聚合物) Biological macromolecules as follows: (a) Enzymes
for specific chemical or biochemical reactions; (b) ‘Anti-idiotypic
antibodies’, ‘monoclonal antibodies’ or ‘polyclonal antibodies’; (L.N. 42 of 2017) (c) Specially
designed or specially processed ‘receptors’; (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
|
Technical Notes: (L.N. 132 of 2001) 1. ‘Anti-idiotypic
antibodies’ means antibodies which bind to the specific antigen binding sites
of other antibodies. 2. ‘Monoclonal
antibodies’ means proteins which bind to one antigenic site and are produced
by a single clone of cells. 3. ‘Polyclonal
antibodies’ means a mixture of proteins which bind to the specific antigen
and are produced by more than one clone of cells. 4. ‘Receptors’
means biological macromolecular structures capable of binding ligands, the
binding of which affects physiological functions. (L.N. 183 of 1999; L.N. 42 of 2017) |
2 |
“Camming” (axial displacement) (軸向移位) Axial displacement in one revolution of the main
spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle faceplate, at a
point next to the circumference of the spindle faceplate (Reference: ISO
230/1 1986, paragraph 5.63). |
1 |
“Carbon fibre preforms” (碳纖維預製成形品) An ordered arrangement of uncoated or coated
fibres intended to constitute a framework of a part before the “matrix” is
introduced to form a “composite”. (L.N.
183 of 1999) |
6 |
“Chemical laser” (化學雷射器) A “laser” in which the excited species is
produced by the output energy from a chemical reaction. |
7 |
“Circle of equal probability” (CEP) (圓徑概率誤差) A measure of accuracy defined as the radius
of the circle centred at the target, at a specific range, in which 50% of the
payloads impact. |
Def. |
“Circuit element” (電路元件) A single active or passive functional part of
an electronic circuit which may be a diode, a transistor, a resistor or a
capacitor. |
7 |
“Circulation-controlled anti-torque or
circulation-controlled directional control systems” (循環控制式反力矩或循環控制式方向控制系統) Systems that use air blown over aerodynamic
surfaces to increase or control the forces generated by the surfaces. |
1 3 4 7 ML4 ML10 |
“Civil aircraft” (民用飛機) Those “aircraft” listed by designation in
published airworthiness certification lists by the civil aviation authority
or authorities of one or more “Participating States” to fly commercial civil
internal and external routes or for legitimate civil, private or business
use. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
1 |
“Commingled” (混合) Filament to filament blending of
thermoplastic fibres and reinforcement fibres in order to produce a fibre
reinforcement “matrix” mix in total fibre form. (L.N. 132 of 2001) |
1 |
“Comminution” (粉碎) A process to reduce a material to particles
by crushing or grinding. |
4 |
“Communications channel controller” (通訊頻道控制器) The physical interface which controls the
flow of synchronous or asynchronous digital information. It is an assembly
that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to
provide communications access. (L.N.
183 of 1999) |
6 |
“Compensation systems” (補償系統) Consist of the primary scalar sensor, one or
more reference sensors (e.g. vector magnetometers) together with software
that permit reduction of rigid body rotation noise of the platform. (L.N. 254 of 2008) |
1 2 6 8 9 |
“Composite” (複合、複合物) A “matrix” and an additional phase or
additional phases consisting of particles, whiskers, fibres or any
combination thereof, present for a specific purpose or purposes. |
2 |
“Compound rotary table” (合成旋轉台) A table allowing the workpiece to rotate and
tilt about two non-parallel axes, which can be coordinated simultaneously for
“contouring control”. |
2 |
“Contouring control” (輪廓控制) Two or more “numerically controlled” motions
operating in accordance with instructions that specify the next required
position and the required feed rates to that position. These feed rates are
varied in relation to each other so that a desired contour is generated (Ref.
ISO/DIS 2806-1980). |
1 3 5 Def. |
“Critical temperature” (臨界溫度) (L.N. 89 of 2021) (Sometimes referred to as the transition
temperature) of a specific “superconductive” material is the temperature at
which the material loses all resistance to the flow of direct electrical
current. |
5 |
“Cryptographic activation” (啟動密碼) Any technique that activates or enables
cryptographic capability of an item, by means of a secure mechanism
implemented by the manufacturer of the item, where this mechanism is uniquely
bound to any of the following: (L.N. 42
of 2017) (a) A
single instance of the item; (b) One
customer, for multiple instances of the item. |
|
Technical Notes: 1. “Cryptographic
activation” techniques and mechanisms may be implemented as hardware,
“software” or “technology”. 2. Mechanisms
for “cryptographic activation” can, for example, be serial number-based
licence keys or authentication instruments such as digitally signed
certificates. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
5 |
“Cryptography” (密碼學) The discipline which embodies principles,
means and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide its
information content, prevent its undetected modification or prevent its
unauthorized use. “Cryptography” is limited to the transformation of information
using one or more ‘secret parameters’ (e.g. crypto variables) or associated
key management. (E.R. 6 of 2020) Note: “Cryptography” does not include ‘fixed’ data
compression or coding techniques. (L.N.
27 of 2015; L.N. 89 of 2021) |
|
Technical Notes: (L.N. 89 of 2021) 1. ‘Secret
parameter’: a constant or key kept from the knowledge of others or shared
only within a group. (L.N. 89 of 2021) 2. ‘Fixed’:
the coding or compression algorithm cannot accept externally supplied
parameters (e.g. cryptographic or key variables) and cannot be modified by
the user. (L.N. 89 of 2021) |
6 |
“(CW) Laser” ((連續波) 雷射器) A “laser” that produces a nominally constant
output energy for greater than 0.25 seconds. (L.N. 254 of 2008) |
7 |
“Data-Based Referenced Navigation” (“DBRN”)
Systems (資料庫參考導航 (“DBRN”) 系統) Systems which use various sources of
previously measured geo-mapping data integrated to provide accurate
navigation information under dynamic conditions. Data sources include
bathymetric maps, stellar maps, gravity maps, magnetic maps or 3-D digital
terrain maps. (L.N. 65 of 2004) |
ML1 |
“Deactivated firearm” (失效槍枝) A firearm that has been made incapable of
firing any projectile by processes defined by the national authority of a
“Participating State”. These processes permanently modify the essential
elements of the firearm. According to national laws and regulations,
deactivation of the firearm may be attested by a certificate delivered by a
competent authority and may be marked on the firearm by a stamp on an
essential part. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
6 |
“Deformable mirrors” (可變形鏡面) Mirrors: (a) Having
a single continuous optical reflecting surface which is dynamically deformed
by the application of individual torques or forces to compensate for
distortions in the optical waveform incident upon the mirror; or (b) Having
multiple optical reflecting elements that can be individually and dynamically
be repositioned by the application of torques or forces to compensate for
distortions in the optical waveform incident upon the mirror. “Deformable mirrors” are also known as
adaptive optic mirrors. |
0 |
“Depleted uranium” (貧化鈾) Uranium depleted in the isotope 235 below
that occurring in nature. |
GTN NTN All |
“Development” (發展) Is related to all stages prior to serial
production, such as: design, design research, design analyses, design
concepts, assembly and testing of prototypes, pilot production schemes,
design data, process of transforming design data into a product,
configuration design, integration design, layouts. |
1 2 9 |
“Diffusion bonding” (擴散接合) A solid state joining of at least 2 separate
pieces of metals into a single piece with a joint strength equivalent to that
of the weakest material, in which the principal mechanism is interdiffusion
of atoms across the interface. (L.N. 42
of 2017) |
4 5 |
“Digital computer” (數字式電腦) Equipment which can, in the form of one or
more discrete variables: (a) Accept
data; (b) Store
data or instructions in fixed or alterable (writable) storage devices; (c) Process
data by means of a stored sequence of instructions which is modifiable; and (d) Provide
output of data. Technical
Note:(L.N. 132 of 2001) Modifications of a stored sequence of
instructions include replacement of fixed storage devices, but not a physical
change in wiring or interconnections. |
5 |
“Digital transfer rate” (數字傳送率) The total bit rate of the information that is
directly transferred on any type of medium. (See also “total digital transfer
rate”) |
2 |
“Direct-acting hydraulic pressing” (直接作用液壓成形) A deformation process which uses a
fluid-filled flexible bladder in direct contact with the workpiece. |
Def. |
“Discrete component” (分立零件) A separately packaged “circuit element” with
its own external connections. |
0 1 |
“Effective gram”, “Effective gramme” (有效克) (a) For
plutonium isotopes and uranium-233, the isotope weight in grams or grammes; (b) For
uranium enriched 1 percent or greater in the isotope uranium-235, the element
weight in grams or grammes multiplied by the square of its enrichment
expressed as a decimal weight fraction; (c) For
uranium enriched below 1 percent in the isotope uranium-235, the element
weight in grams or grammes multiplied by 0.0001. (L.N. 132 of 2001; L.N. 161 of 2011) |
2 3 4 |
“Electronic assemblies” (電子組件) (L.N. 89 of 2021) A number of electronic components (including
“circuit elements”, “discrete components” and integrated circuits) connected
together to perform a specific function, which are replaceable as an entity
and are normally capable of being disassembled. |
5 6 |
“Electronically steerable phased array
antenna” (電子控向相位陣列天線) An antenna which forms a beam by means of
phase coupling, (i.e. the beam direction is controlled by the complex
excitation coefficients of the radiating elements) and the direction of that
beam can be varied (both in transmission and reception) in azimuth or in
elevation, or both, by application of an electrical signal. (L.N. 183 of 1999; E.R. 6 of 2020) |
2 ML17 |
“End-effectors” (末端效應器) “End-effectors” include grippers, ‘active
tooling units’ and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the
end of a “robot” manipulator arm. Technical Note: ‘Active tooling units’ are devices for
applying motive power, process energy or sensing to a workpiece. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
ML8 |
“Energetic materials” (高能物料) Substances or mixtures that react chemically
to release energy required for their intended application. “Explosives”,
“pyrotechnics” and “propellants” are subclasses of energetic materials. (L.N. 65 of 2004) |
6 |
“Equivalent density” (等效密度) The mass of an optic per unit optical area
projected onto the optical surface. |
1 ML8 |
“Explosives” (炸藥) (L.N. 65 of 2004; L.N. 226 of 2009) Solid, liquid or gaseous substances or
mixtures of substances which, in their application as primary, booster, or
main charges in warheads, demolition and other applications, are required to
detonate. (L.N. 65 of 2004) |
ML7 |
“Expression vectors” (傳遞病媒) Carriers (e.g. plasmid or virus) used to
introduce genetic material into host cells. (E.R. 6 of 2020) |
9 |
“FADEC Systems” (FADEC系統) (L.N. 89 of 2021) Full Authority Digital Engine Control
Systems—A digital electronic control system for a gas turbine engine that is
able to autonomously control the engine throughout its whole operating range
from demanded engine start until demanded engine shut-down, in both normal
and fault conditions. (L.N. 161 of
2011) |
0 1 8 9 |
“Fibrous or filamentary materials” (纖維或絲狀物料) (L.N. 42 of 2017) Include: (a) Continuous
“monofilaments”; (b) Continuous
“yarns” and “rovings”; (c) “Tapes”,
fabrics, random mats and braids; (d) Chopped
fibres, staple fibres and coherent fibre blankets; (e) Whiskers,
either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, of any length; (f) Aromatic
polyamide pulp. |
3 |
“Film type integrated circuit” (薄膜型集成電路) An array of ‘circuit elements’ and metallic
interconnections formed by deposition of a thick or thin film on an
insulating “substrate”. (L.N. 132 of
2001) |
ML15 |
“First generation image intensifier tubes” (第一代影像強化管) Electrostatically focused tubes, employing
input and output fibre optic or glass face plates, multi-alkali photocathodes
(S-20 or S-25), but not microchannel plate amplifiers. (L.N. 183 of 1999) |
7 |
“Flight control optical sensor array” (飛行控制光感測器陣列) A network of distributed optical sensors,
using “laser” beams, to provide real time flight control data for on-board
processing. (L.N. 161 of 2011) |
7 |
“Flight path optimization” (飛行航線優化) A procedure that minimizes deviations from a
four-dimensional (space and time) desired trajectory based on maximizing
performance or effectiveness for mission task. |
7 |
“Fly-by-light system” (光傳飛控系統) A primary digital flight control system
employing feedback to control an aircraft during a flight, where the commands
to the effectors or actuators are optical signals. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
7 |
“Fly-by-wire system” (電傳飛控系統) A primary digital flight control system
employing feedback to control an aircraft during a flight, where the commands
to the effectors or actuators are electrical signals. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
6 |
“Focal plane array” (聚焦平面陣列) A linear or two-dimensional planar layer, or
combination of planar layers, of individual detector elements, with or
without readout electronics, which work in the focal plane. Note: (L.N. 132 of 2001) This definition does not include a stack of
single detector elements or any two, three or four element detectors provided
time delay and integration is not performed within the element. |
3 5 |
“Fractional bandwidth” (分頻寬) (L.N. 89 of 2021) The “instantaneous bandwidth” divided by the
centre frequency, expressed as a percentage. (L.N. 132 of 2001) |
6 |
“Frequency agility” (radar) (頻率跳頻) (雷達)—see “Radar frequency
agility” |
5 6 |
“Frequency hopping” (跳頻) (L.N. 42 of 2017) A form of “spread spectrum” in which the
transmission frequency of a single communication channel is made to change by
a random or pseudo-random sequence of discrete steps. (L.N. 132 of 2001) |
3 |
“Frequency mask trigger” (頻率罩觸發) For “signal analysers”, a mechanism where the
trigger function is able to select a frequency range to be triggered on as a
subset of the acquisition bandwidth while ignoring other signals that may
also be present within the same acquisition bandwidth. A “frequency mask
trigger” may contain more than one independent set of limits. (L.N. 89 of 2013) |
3 |
“Frequency switching time” (頻率切換時間) The time (i.e. delay) taken by a signal when
switched from an initial specified output frequency, to arrive at or within
any of the following: (a) ±100
Hz of a final specified output frequency of less than 1 GHz; (b) ±0.1
part per million of a final specified output frequency equal to or greater
than 1 GHz. (L.N. 89 of 2021) |
3 |
“Frequency synthesiser” (頻率合成器) Any kind of frequency source, regardless of
the actual technique used, providing a multiplicity of simultaneous or
alternative output frequencies, from one or more outputs, controlled by,
derived from or disciplined by a lesser number of standard (or master)
frequencies. (L.N. 161 of 2011) |
8 ML17 |
“Fuel cell” (燃料電池) An electrochemical device that converts
chemical energy directly into Direct Current (DC) electricity by consuming
fuel from an external source. (L.N. 161
of 2011) |
1 |
“Fusible” (熔融) Capable of being cross-linked or polymerized
further (cured) by the use of heat, radiation, catalysts, etc. or capable of
being melted without pyrolysis (charring). (L.N. 226 of 2009) |
1 |
“Gas atomization” (氣體霧化) (L.N. 65 of 2004) A process to reduce a molten stream of metal
alloy to droplets of 500 μm diameter or less by a high pressure gas stream. |
6 |
“Geographically dispersed” (地理上分散式) Sensors are considered “geographically
dispersed” when each location is distant from any other more than 1 500 m in
any direction. Mobile sensors are always considered “geographically
dispersed”. |
7 |
“Guidance set” (制導裝置) Systems that integrate the process of
measuring and computing a vehicles position and velocity (i.e. navigation)
with that of computing and sending commands to the vehicles flight control
systems to correct the trajectory. |
2 |
“Hot isostatic densification” (熱均壓緻密化) A process of pressurising a casting at
temperatures exceeding 375 K (102°C) in a closed cavity through various media
(gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal force in all directions
to reduce or eliminate internal voids in the casting. |
3 |
“Hybrid integrated circuit” (混合集成電路) Any combination of integrated circuit(s),
integrated circuits with ‘circuit elements’ or ‘discrete components’
connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), and having all the
following characteristics: (a) Containing
at least one unencapsulated device; (b) Connected
together using typical integrated circuit production methods; (c) Replaceable
as an entity; and (d) Not
normally capable of being disassembled. N.B.: 1. ‘Circuit
element’: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic
circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc. 2. ‘Discrete
component’: a separately packaged ‘circuit element’ with its own external
connections. |
4 |
“Image enhancement” (影像增強) The processing of externally derived
information-bearing images by algorithms such as time compression, filtering,
extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between
domains (e.g. fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform). This does not
include algorithms using only linear or rotational transformation of a single
image, such as translation, feature extraction, registration or false
coloration. (E.R. 6 of 2020) |
1 |
“Immunotoxin” (抗毒素) A conjugate of one cell specific monoclonal
antibody and a “toxin” or “sub-unit of toxin”, that selectively affects
diseased cells. |
GTN GSN |
“In the public domain” (在公共領域內) As it applies to these Lists, means
“technology” or “software” which has been made available without restrictions
upon its further dissemination. Note: (L.N. 132 of 2001) Copyright restrictions do not remove
“technology” or “software” from being “in the public domain”. |
NSN GSN GISN 4 5 |
“Information security” (資訊安全) (L.N. 89 of 2021) All the means and functions ensuring the
accessibility, confidentiality or integrity of information or communication,
excluding the means and functions intended to safeguard against malfunctions.
This includes “cryptography”, “cryptographic activation”, ‘cryptanalysis’,
protection against compromising emanations and computer security. (L.N. 161 of 2011) Technical Note:
(L.N. 132 of 2001) ‘cryptanalysis’: the analysis of a
cryptographic system or its inputs and outputs to derive confidential
variables or sensitive data, including clear text. (ISO 7498-2-1988 (E),
paragraph 3.3.18) |
3 5 |
“Instantaneous bandwidth” (瞬間頻寬) The bandwidth over which output power remains
constant within 3 dB without adjustment of other operating parameters. |
6 |
“Instrumented range” (儀器測量範圍) The specified unambiguous display range of a
radar. |
9 |
“Insulation” (絕緣襯片) Material intended to provide protection from
the effects of heat during the operation of rocket motors. The material
includes cured or semi-cured compounded rubber sheet stock containing an insulating
or refractory material. It is applied to the components of a rocket motor,
i.e. the case, nozzle, inlets, case closures. |
9 |
“Interior lining” (內襯套) Suited for the bond interface between the
solid propellant and the case or insulating liner. Usually a liquid polymer
based dispersion of refractory or insulating materials, e.g. carbon filled
hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) or other polymer with added curing
agents sprayed or screeded over a case interior. |
3 |
“Interleaved Analogue-to-Digital Converter
(ADC)” (交叉模擬-數字轉換器) A device that has multiple ADC units that
sample the same analogue input at different times such that when the outputs
are aggregated, the analogue input has been effectively sampled and converted
at a higher sampling rate. (L.N. 89 of
2021) |
6 |
“Intrinsic magnetic gradiometer” (固有磁梯度計) A single magnetic field gradient sensing
element and associated electronics, the output of which is a measure of
magnetic field gradient. (See also “Magnetic gradiometer”) |
4 |
“Intrusion software” (入侵軟件) “Software” specially designed or modified to
avoid detection by ‘monitoring tools’, or to defeat ‘protective
countermeasures’, of a computer or network-capable device, and performing any
of the following: (a) The
extraction of data or information, from a computer or network-capable device,
or the modification of system or user data; (b) The
modification of the standard execution path of a program or process in order
to allow the execution of externally provided instructions. Notes: 1. “Intrusion
software” does not include any of the following: (a) Hypervisors,
debuggers or Software Reverse Engineering (SRE) tools; (b) Digital
Rights Management (DRM) “software”; (c) “Software”
designed to be installed by manufacturers, administrators or users, for the
purposes of asset tracking or recovery. 2. Network-capable
devices include mobile devices and smart meters. Technical Notes:
1. ‘Monitoring
tools’: “software” or hardware devices, that monitor system behaviours or
processes running on a device. This includes antivirus (AV) products, end
point security products, Personal Security Products (PSP), Intrusion
Detection Systems (IDS), Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) or firewalls. 2. ‘Protective
countermeasures’: techniques designed to ensure the safe execution of code,
such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Address Space Layout Randomisation
(ASLR) or sandboxing. (L.N. 27 of 2015) |
1 2 5 6 9 |
“ISO” (L.N.
42 of 2017) The International Standards Organisation. |
1 |
“Isolated live cultures” (獨立的活培養物) Includes live cultures in dormant form and in
dried preparations. |
2 |
“Isostatic presses” (均壓裝置) Equipment capable of pressurising a closed
cavity through various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create
equal pressure in all directions within the cavity upon a workpiece or
material. |
3 5 |
“ITU” International Telecommunication Union. (36 of 2000 s. 28) |
|
“Laser” (雷射器)—see also “Chemical laser” (L.N. 89 of 2021) “(CW) Laser” (L.N. 89 of 2021) “Pulsed laser” (L.N. 89 of 2021) “Super High Power Laser” “Transfer laser” |
0 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 ML9 ML19 |
“Laser” (雷射器) An assembly of components which produce both
spatially and temporally coherent light that is amplified by stimulated
emission of radiation. (L.N. 132 of
2001) |
1 ML17 |
“Libraries” (parametric technical database) (圖書資料) (參數技術資料庫) A collection of technical information,
reference to which may enhance the performance of relevant systems, equipment
or components. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
9 ML10 |
“Lighter-than-air vehicles” (輕於空氣載具) (L.N. 89 of 2021) Balloons and airships that rely on hot air or
on lighter-than-air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift. (L.N. 95 of 2006) |
2 |
“Linearity” (線性度) (Usually measured in terms of non-linearity)
is the maximum deviation of the actual characteristic (average of upscale and
downscale readings), positive or negative, from a straight line so positioned
as to equalise and minimise the maximum deviations. |
4 5 |
“Local area network” (區域網絡) (L.N. 226 of 2009) A data communication system having all of the
following characteristics: (L.N. 42 of
2017) (a) Allows
an arbitrary number of independent ‘data devices’ to communicate directly
with each other; (L.N. 42 of 2017) (b) Is
confined to a geographical area of moderate size (e.g. office building,
plant, campus, warehouse). (E.R. 6 of
2020) Technical Note: ‘Data device’ means equipment capable of
transmitting or receiving sequences of digital information. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
6 |
“Magnetic gradiometers” (磁梯度計) Instruments designed to detect the spatial
variation of magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument. They
consist of multiple “magnetometers” and associated electronics, the output of
which is a measure of magnetic field gradient. (See also “Intrinsic magnetic gradiometer”) |
6 |
“Magnetometers” (磁動計) Instruments designed to detect magnetic
fields from sources external to the instrument. They consist of a single
magnetic field sensing element and associated electronics, the output of
which is a measure of the magnetic field. |
4 |
“Main storage” (主記憶體) The primary storage for data or instructions
for rapid access by a central processing unit. It consists of the internal
storage of a “digital computer” and any hierarchical extension thereto, such
as cache storage or non-sequentially accessed extended storage. |
0 |
“Materials resistant to corrosion by UF6”
(可抵抗UF6腐蝕的物料) Include copper, copper alloys, stainless
steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloys
containing 60% or more nickel by weight and fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers.
(L.N. 42 of 2017) |
1 2 8 9 |
“Matrix” (基材) A substantially continuous phase that fills
the space between particles, whiskers or fibres. |
2 |
“Measurement uncertainty” (測量精度誤差) The characteristic parameter which specifies
in what range around the output value the correct value of the measurable
variable lies with a confidence level of 95%. It includes the uncorrected
systematic deviations, the uncorrected backlash and the random deviations
(Reference: ISO 10360-2). (L.N. 183 of
1999; L.N. 42 of 2017) |
1 |
“Mechanical alloying” (機械合金法) An alloying process resulting from the
bonding, fracturing and rebonding of elemental and master alloy powders by
mechanical impact. Non-metallic particles may be incorporated in the alloy by
addition of the appropriate powders. |
1 |
“Melt extraction” (熔態抽取) A process to ‘solidify rapidly’ and extract a
ribbon-like alloy product by the insertion of a short segment of a rotating
chilled block into a bath of a molten metal alloy. N.B.: ‘Solidify rapidly’: solidification of molten
material at cooling rates exceeding 1 000 K/sec. |
1 |
“Melt spinning” (熔態旋分) A process to ‘solidify rapidly’ a molten
metal stream impinging upon a rotating chilled block, forming a flake, ribbon
or rod-like product. N.B.: ‘Solidify rapidly’: solidification of molten
material at cooling rates exceeding 1 000 K/sec. |
3 |
“Microcomputer microcircuit” (微電腦微電路) A “monolithic integrated circuit” or
“multichip integrated circuit” containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
capable of executing general purpose instructions from an internal storage,
on data contained in the internal storage. Technical Note: The internal storage may be augmented by an
external storage. (L.N. 132 of 2001) |
1 2 |
“Microorganisms” (微生物) Bacteria, viruses, mycoplasms, rickettsiae,
chlamydiae or fungi, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the
form of isolated live cultures or as material including living material which
has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures. |
3 |
“Microprocessor microcircuit” (微處理器微電路) A “monolithic integrated circuit” or
“multichip integrated circuit” containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
capable of executing a series of general purpose instructions from an
external storage. Technical Note: The “microprocessor microcircuit” normally
does not contain integral user-accessible storage, although storage present
on-the-chip may be used in performing its logic function. Note: This definition includes chip sets which are
designed to operate together to provide the function of a “microprocessor
microcircuit”. (L.N. 132 of 2001) |
Def. |
“Microprogramme” (微程式) A sequence of elementary instructions,
maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the
introduction of its reference instruction into an instruction register. |
1 2 3 6 7 9 |
“Missiles” (導彈) (L.N. 89 of 2021) Complete rocket systems and unmanned aerial
vehicle systems, capable of delivering at least 500 kg payload to a range of
at least 300 km. (L.N. 254 of 2008) |
1 |
“Monofilament” or filament (單絲) 或絲 The smallest increment of fibre, usually
several micrometres in diameter. |
3 |
“Monolithic integrated circuit” (單塊集成電路) A combination of passive or active ‘circuit
elements’ or both which: (a) Are
formed by means of diffusion processes, implantation processes or deposition
processes in or on a single semiconducting piece of material, a so-called
‘chip’; (b) Can
be considered as indivisibly associated; and (c) Perform
the function(s) of a circuit. N.B.: ‘Circuit element’: a single active or passive
functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor,
one resistor, one capacitor, etc. |
3 5 |
“Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit”
(“MMIC”) (單塊微波集成電路) A “monolithic integrated circuit” that
operates at microwave or millimetre wave frequencies. (L.N. 89 of 2021) |
6 |
“Monospectral imaging sensors” (單光譜影像感測器) Capable of acquisition of imaging data from
one discrete spectral band. |
3 |
“Multichip integrated circuit” (多晶粒集成電路) Two or more “monolithic integrated circuits”
bonded to a common “substrate”. |
3 |
“Multiple channel Analogue-to-Digital
Converter (ADC)” (多頻道模擬-數字轉換器) A device that integrates more than one ADC,
designed so that each ADC has a separate analogue input. (L.N. 89 of 2021) |
6 |
“Multispectral imaging sensors” (多光譜影像感測器) Are capable of simultaneous or serial
acquisition of imaging data from two or more discrete spectral bands. Sensors
having more than twenty discrete spectral bands are sometimes referred to as
hyperspectral imaging sensors. |
0 |
“Natural uranium” (天然鈾) Uranium containing the mixtures of isotopes
occurring in nature. |
4 |
“Network access controller” (網絡存取控制器) A physical interface to a distributed
switching network. It uses a common medium which operates throughout at the
same “digital transfer rate” using arbitration (e.g. token or carrier sense)
for transmission. Independently from any other, it selects data packets or
data groups (e.g. IEEE 802) addressed to it. It is an assembly that can be
integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide
communications access. (L.N. 183 of
1999; E.R. 6 of 2020) |
4 |
“Neural computer” (類神經式電腦) A computational device designed or modified
to mimic the behaviour of a neuron or a collection of neurons, i.e. a
computational device which is distinguished by its hardware capability to
modulate the weights and numbers of the interconnections of a multiplicity of
computational components based on previous data. (E.R. 6 of 2020) |
0 1 ML9 ML17 |
“Nuclear reactor” (核反應堆) (L.N. 89 of 2021) A complete reactor capable of operation so as
to maintain a controlled self-sustaining fission chain reaction. A “nuclear
reactor” includes the items within or attached directly to the reactor
vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the
components which normally contain, come into direct contact with or control
the primary coolant of the reactor core. (L.N.
183 of 1999; L.N. 89 of 2021) |
2 |
“Numerical control” (數值控制) The automatic control of a process performed
by a device that makes use of numeric data usually introduced as the
operation is in progress (Ref. ISO 2382). |
NSN GSN Def. |
“Object code” (目標碼) (L.N. 89 of 2021) “Object code”: An equipment executable form
of a convenient expression of one or more processes (“source code” (or source
language)) which has been compiled by a programming system. (L.N. 183 of 1999; L.N. 161 of 2011) |
5 |
“Operations, Administration or Maintenance”
(“OAM”) (操作、管理或維修) Means performing one or more of the following
tasks: (a) Establishing
or managing any of the following: (1) Accounts
or privileges of users or administrators; (2) Settings
of an item; (3) Authentication
data in support of the tasks described in subparagraph (1) or (2); (b) Monitoring
or managing the operating condition or performance of an item; (c) Managing
logs or audit data in support of the tasks described in paragraph (a) or (b). |
|
Note: “OAM” does not include any of the following
tasks or their associated key management functions: (a) Provisioning
or upgrading any cryptographic functionality that is not directly related to
establishing or managing authentication data in support of the tasks
described in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) above; (b) Performing
any cryptographic functionality on the forwarding or data plane of an item. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
4 |
“Optical computer” (光學式電腦) A computer designed or modified to use light
to represent data and whose computational logic elements are based on
directly coupled optical devices. |
3 |
“Optical integrated circuit” (光集成電路) A “monolithic integrated circuit” or a
“hybrid integrated circuit”, containing one or more parts designed to
function as a photosensor or photoemitter or to perform (an) optical or (an)
electro-optical function(s). |
5 |
“Optical switching” (光學式切換功能) The routing of, or switching of, signals in
optical form without conversion to electrical signals. |
3 |
“Overall current density” (總電流密度) The total number of ampere-turns in the coil
(i.e. the sum of the number of turns multiplied by the maximum current
carried by each turn) divided by the total cross-section of the coil
(comprising the superconducting filaments, the metallic matrix in which the
superconducting filaments are embedded, the encapsulating material, any
cooling channels, etc.). (E.R. 6 of
2020) |
0 7 9 ML4 ML10 |
“Participating State” (參與國) (L.N. 42 of 2017) A state participating in the Wassenaar
Arrangement. |
6 |
“Peak power” (峰值功率) The highest power attained in the “pulse
duration”. (L.N. 89 of 2013) |
5 |
“Personal area network” (個人區域網絡) A data communication system having all of the
following characteristics: (a) Allows
an arbitrary number of independent or interconnected ‘data devices’ to
communicate directly with each other; (b) Is
confined to the communication between devices within the immediate vicinity
of an individual person or device controller (e.g. single room, office, or
automobile, and their nearby surrounding spaces). (E.R. 6 of 2020) |
|
Technical Note: ‘Data device’ means equipment capable of
transmitting or receiving sequences of digital information. (L.N. 89 of 2013) |
1 2 |
“Plasma atomization” (等離子原子化) A process to reduce a molten stream or solid
metal to droplets with a diameter of 500 μm or less, using plasma torches in
an inert gas environment. (L.N. 42 of
2017) |
7 |
“Power management” (功率管理) Changing the transmitted power of the
altimeter signal so that received power at the “aircraft” altitude is always
at the minimum necessary to determine the altitude. |
ML8 |
“Precursors” (先質) Specialty chemicals used in the manufacture
of explosives. (L.N. 65 of 2004) |
0 1 |
“Previously separated” (預先分開) The application of any process intended to
increase the concentration of the controlled isotope. |
7 |
“Primary flight control” (主飛行控制) An “aircraft” stability or manoeuvering
control using force/moment generators, i.e. aerodynamic control surfaces or
propulsive thrust vectoring. (E.R. 6 of
2020) |
4 |
“Principal element” (主要組成元件) As applied in Category 4, an element is a
“principal element” when its replacement value is more than 35% of the total
value of the system of which it is an element. Element value is the price
paid for the element by the manufacturer of the system, or by the system
integrator. Total value is the normal international selling price to
unrelated parties at the point of manufacture or consolidation of shipment. (L.N. 89 of 2021) |
NTN GTN All |
“Production” (生產) (L.N. 89 of 2021) Means all production stages, such as: product
engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection,
testing, quality assurance. |
1 7 9 |
“Production equipment” (生產裝備) Tooling, templates, jigs, mandrels, moulds,
dies, fixtures, alignment mechanisms, test equipment, other machinery and
components therefor, limited to those specially designed or modified for
“development” or for one or more phases of “production”. (L.N. 183 of 1999) |
7 9 |
“Production facilities” (生產設施) Equipment and specially designed software
therefor integrated into installations for “development” or for one or more
phases of “production”. |
6 Def. |
“Programme” (程式) (L.N. 89 of 2021) A sequence of instructions to carry out a process
in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer. |
ML8 |
“Propellants” (推進劑) Substances or mixtures that react chemically
to produce large volumes of hot gases at controlled rates to perform
mechanical work. (L.N. 65 of 2004) |
6 |
“Pulse compression” (脈衝壓縮) The coding and processing of a radar signal
pulse of long time duration to one of short time duration, while maintaining
the benefits of high pulse energy. |
6 |
“Pulse duration” (脈衝持續時間) Duration of a “laser” pulse is the time
between the half-power points on the leading edge and trailing edge of an
individual pulse. (L.N. 89 of 2013) |
6 |
“Pulsed laser” (脈衝式雷射器) A “laser” having a “pulse duration” that is
less than or equal to 0.25 seconds. (L.N.
254 of 2008) |
ML4 ML8 |
“Pyrotechnics(s)” (煙火劑) Mixtures of solid or liquid fuels and
oxidizers which, when ignited, undergo an energetic chemical reaction at a
controlled rate intended to produce specific time delays, or quantities of
heat, noise, smoke, visible light or infrared radiation. Pyrophorics are a
subclass of pyrotechnics, which contain no oxidizers but ignite spontaneously
on contact with air. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
5 |
“Quantum cryptography” (量子密碼技術) A family of techniques for the establishment
of a shared key for “cryptography” by measuring the quantum-mechanical
properties of a physical system (including those physical properties
explicitly governed by quantum optics, quantum field theory, or quantum
electrodynamics). (L.N. 95 of 2006) |
6 |
“Radar frequency agility” (雷達頻率跳頻) Any technique which changes, in a
pseudo-random sequence, the carrier frequency of a pulsed radar transmitter
between pulses or between groups of pulses by an amount equal to or larger
than the pulse bandwidth. |
6 |
“Radar spread spectrum” (雷達擴散頻譜) Any modulation technique for spreading energy
originating from a signal with a relatively narrow frequency band, over a
much wider band of frequencies, by using random or pseudo-random coding. |
6 |
“Radiant sensitivity” (輻射靈敏度) Radiant sensitivity (mA/W) = 0.807 ×
(wavelength in nm) × Quantum Efficiency (QE) Technical Note: QE is usually expressed as a percentage;
however, for the purposes of this formula QE is expressed as a decimal number
less than one, e.g. 78% is 0.78. (L.N.
161 of 2011) |
3 |
“Real time bandwidth” (實時頻寬) For “signal analysers”, the widest frequency
range for which the analyser can continuously transform time-domain data
entirely into frequency-domain results, using a Fourier or other discrete
time transform that processes every incoming time point without gaps or
windowing effects that causes a reduction of measured amplitude of more than
3 dB below the actual signal amplitude, while outputting or displaying the
transformed data. (L.N. 89 of 2013) |
6 |
“Real time processing” (實時處理) (L.N. 89 of 2021) The processing of data by a computer system
providing a required level of service, as a function of available resources,
within a guaranteed response time, regardless of the load of the system, when
stimulated by an external event. |
7 |
“Repeatability” (重複性) The closeness of agreement among repeated
measurements of the same variable under the same operating conditions when
changes in conditions or non-operating periods occur between measurements
(Reference: IEEE STD 528-2001 (one sigma standard deviation)). (L.N. 254 of 2008) |
GTN 5 6 7 9 ML22 |
“Required” (所需) (L.N. 89 of 2021) As applied to “technology”, refers to only
that portion of “technology” which is peculiarly responsible for achieving or
exceeding the controlled performance levels, characteristics or functions.
Such “required” “technology” may be shared by different products. |
2 |
“Resolution” (解析度) The least increment of a measuring device; on
digital instruments, the least significant bit. (Reference: ANSI B-89.1.12) |
ML7 |
“Riot control agents” (暴動控制劑) Substances which, under the expected
conditions of use for riot control purposes, produce rapidly in humans
sensory irritation or disabling physical effects which disappear within a
short time following termination of exposure. (Tear gases are a subset of
“riot control agents”.) (L.N. 95 of
2006) |
2 8 ML17 |
“Robot” (機械人) A manipulation mechanism, which may be of the
continuous path or of the point-to-point variety, may use sensors, and has
all the following characteristics: (a) Is
multifunctional; (b) Is
capable of positioning or orienting material, parts, tools or special devices
through variable movements in three dimensional space; (c) Incorporates
three or more closed or open loop servo-devices which may include stepping
motors; and (d) Has
“user-accessible programmability” by means of the teach/playback method or by
means of an electronic computer which may be a programmable logic controller,
i.e. without mechanical intervention. (E.R.
6 of 2020) Note: (L.N.
132 of 2001) The above definition does not include the
following devices: (1) Manipulation
mechanisms which are only manually/teleoperator controllable; (2) Fixed
sequence manipulation mechanisms, which are automated moving devices,
operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The programme
is mechanically limited by fixed stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of
motions and the selection of paths or angles are not variable or changeable
by mechanical, electronic or electrical means; (3) Mechanically
controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms, which are automated
moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions.
The programme is mechanically limited by fixed, but adjustable stops, such as
pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles
are variable within the fixed programmes pattern. Variations or modifications
of the programme pattern (e.g. changes of pins or exchanges of cams) in one
or more motion axes are accomplished only through mechanical operations; (4) Non-servo-controlled
variable sequence manipulation mechanisms, which are automated moving
devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The
programme is variable but the sequence proceeds only by the binary signal
from mechanically fixed electrical binary devices or adjustable stops; (5) Stacker
cranes defined as Cartesian coordinate manipulator systems manufactured as an
integral part of a vertical array of storage bins and designed to access the
contents of those bins for storage or retrieval. |
1 |
“Rotary atomization” (旋轉霧化) (L.N. 65 of 2004) A process to reduce a stream or pool of
molten metal to droplets to a diameter of 500 μm or less by centrifugal
force. |
1 |
“Roving” (絞線) A bundle (typically 12-120) of
approximately parallel ‘strands’. N.B.: ‘Strand’ is a bundle of “monofilaments”
(typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel. |
2 |
“Run out” (out-of-true running) (位置偏擺) Radial displacement in one revolution of the
main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle axis at a point
on the external or internal revolving surface to be tested (Reference: ISO
230/1-1986, paragraph 5.61). |
3 |
“Sample Rate” (樣本率) For an Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC),
the maximum number of samples that are measured at the analogue input over a
period of 1 second, except for oversampling ADCs. For oversampling ADCs, the
“sample rate” is taken to be its output word rate. “Sample rate” may also be
referred to as sampling rate, usually specified in Mega Samples Per Second
(MSPS) or Giga Samples Per Second (GSPS), or conversion rate, usually
specified in Hertz (Hz). (L.N. 89 of
2021) |
5 ML11 |
“Satellite navigation system” (衞星導航系統) A system consisting of ground stations, a
constellation of satellites, and receivers, that enables receiver locations
to be calculated on the basis of signals received from the satellites. It
includes Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Regional Navigation
Satellite Systems (RNSS). (L.N. 89 of
2021) |
7 |
“Scale factor” (gyro or accelerometer) (尺度因素) (陀螺儀或加速度計) The ratio of change in output to a change in
the input intended to be measured. Scale factor is generally evaluated as the
slope of the straight line that can be fitted by the method of least squares
to input-output data obtained by varying the input cyclically over the input
range. |
6 |
“SHPL”— see “Super High Power Laser” |
3 |
“Signal analysers” (訊號分析器) Apparatus capable of measuring and displaying
basic properties of the single-frequency components of multi-frequency
signals. |
3 4 5 6 |
“Signal processing” (訊號處理) The processing of externally derived
information-bearing signals by algorithms such as time compression,
filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations
between domains (e.g. fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform). (L.N. 132 of 2001; E.R. 6 of 2020) |
NSN GSN GISN All |
“Software” (軟件) (L.N. 89 of 2021) A collection of one or more “programmes” or
“microprogrammes” fixed in any tangible medium of expression. (L.N. 183 of 1999) |
Def. |
“Solidify rapidly” (迅速地凝固) Solidification of molten material at cooling
rates exceeding 1 000 K/sec. |
4 6 7 9 |
“Source code” (or source language) (原始碼) (或原始語言) (L.N. 226 of 2009) A convenient expression of one or more
processes which may be turned by a programming system into equipment
executable form (“object code” (or object language)). |
9 ML11 |
“Spacecraft” (太空船) (L.N. 42 of 2017) Active and passive satellites and space
probes. |
9 |
“Spacecraft bus” (太空船本體) Equipment that provides support
infrastructure for a “spacecraft” and locations for a “spacecraft payload”. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
9 |
“Spacecraft payload” (太空船有效負載) Equipment attached to a “spacecraft bus”,
designed to perform a mission in space (e.g. communications, observation,
science). (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
3 6 7 ML19 |
“Space-qualified” (太空級) (L.N. 42 of 2017) Designed, manufactured, or qualified through successful
testing, for operation at altitudes greater than 100 km above the surface of
the Earth. Note: A determination that a specific item is
“space-qualified” by virtue of testing does not mean that other items in the
same production run or model series are “space-qualified” if not individually
tested. (L.N. 89 of 2013) |
0 |
“Special fissile material” (特別可裂變物料) Plutonium-239, uranium-233, uranium enriched
in the isotopes 235 or 233, and any material containing the foregoing. |
0 1 9 |
“Specific modulus” (比模數) (L.N. 89 of 2021) Young’s modulus in pascals, equivalent to N/m2
divided by specific weight in N/m3, measured at a temperature of
(296 + 2)K ((23 + 2)°C) and a relative humidity of (50 +
5)%. (L.N. 226 of 2009) |
0 1 9 |
“Specific tensile strength” (比抗拉強度) (L.N. 89 of 2021) Ultimate tensile strength in pascals,
equivalent to N/m2 divided by specific weight in N/m3,
measured at a temperature of (296 + 2) K ((23 + 2)°C) and a
relative humidity of (50 + 5)%. (L.N.
226 of 2009) |
7 |
“Spinning mass gyros” (旋轉物體陀螺儀) Means gyros that use a continually rotating
mass to sense angular motion. (L.N. 42
of 2017) |
1 |
“Splat quenching” (噴濺急冷) A process to ‘solidify rapidly’ a molten
metal stream impinging upon a chilled block, forming a flake-like product. N.B.: ‘Solidify rapidly”: solidification of molten
material at cooling rates exceeding 1 000 K/sec. |
5 |
“Spread spectrum” (展頻) The technique whereby energy in a relatively
narrow-band communication channel is spread over a much wider energy
spectrum. (L.N. 183 of 1999) |
6 |
“Spread spectrum” radar (展頻) 雷達—see “Radar
spread spectrum” |
7 |
“Stability” (穩定度) Standard deviation (1 sigma) of the variation
of a particular parameter from its calibrated value measured under stable
temperature conditions. This can be expressed as a function of time. |
9 |
“Steady State Mode” (穩定狀態模式) Engine operation conditions, where the engine
parameters, such as thrust/power, rpm and others, have no appreciable
fluctuations, when the ambient air temperature and pressure at the engine
inlet are constant. (L.N. 89 of 2021) |
3 |
“Substrate” (基片) A sheet of base material with or without an
interconnection pattern and on which or within which ‘discrete components’ or
integrated circuits or both can be located. N.B.: ‘Discrete component’: a separately packaged
“circuit element” with its own external connections. |
3 6 |
“Substrate blanks” (基板) Monolithic compounds with dimensions suitable
for the production of optical elements such as mirrors or optical windows. (L.N. 89 of 2013) |
1 |
“Sub-unit of toxin” (毒素子單位) A structurally and functionally discrete
component of a whole “toxin”. |
6 |
“Super High Power Laser” (“SHPL”) (超高功率雷射器) A “laser” capable of delivering (the total or
any portion of) an output energy exceeding 1 kJ within 50 ms or having an
average or CW power exceeding 20 kW. |
2 9 |
“Superalloys” (超合金) Nickel-, cobalt- or iron-base alloys having
strengths superior to any alloys in the American Iron and Steel Society
(AISI) 300 series at temperatures over 922 K (649°C) under severe
environmental and operating conditions. |
1 3 5 6 8 ML20 Def. |
“Superconductive” (超導體) (L.N. 89 of 2021) Refers to materials, i.e. metals, alloys or
compounds, which can lose all electrical resistance, i.e. which can attain
infinite electrical conductivity and carry very large electrical currents
without Joule heating. (E.R. 6 of 2020) Technical Note: (L.N. 132 of 2001) The “superconductive” state of a material is
individually characterized by a “critical temperature”, a critical magnetic
field, which is a function of temperature, and a critical current density
which is, however, a function of both magnetic field and temperature. |
1 2 |
“Superplastic forming” (超塑性成形) A deformation process using heat for metals
that are normally characterised by low values of elongation (less than 20%)
at the breaking point as determined at room temperature by conventional
tensile strength testing, in order to achieve elongations during processing
which are at least 2 times those values. |
5 |
“Symmetric algorithm” (對稱演算法) (L.N. 89 of 2021) A cryptographic algorithm using an identical
key for both encryption and decryption. Technical Note: (L.N. 132 of 2001) A common use of “symmetric algorithms” is
confidentiality of data. (L.N. 183 of
1999) |
4 |
“Systolic array computer” (心臟收縮陣列電腦) A computer where the flow and modification of
the data is dynamically controllable at the logic gate level by the user. |
1 |
“Tape” (帶狀) A material constructed of interlaced or
unidirectional “monofilaments”, ‘strands’, “rovings”, “tows”, or “yarns”,
etc., usually preimpregnated with resin. N.B.: ‘Strand’ is a bundle of “monofilaments”
(typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel. |
GTN NTN All |
“Technology” (技術) Specific information necessary for the
“development”, “production” or “use” of a product. The information takes the
form of ‘technical data’ or ‘technical assistance’. Controlled “technology”
for the Dual-Use Goods List is defined in the General Technology Note and in
the Dual-Use Goods List. Controlled “technology” for the Munitions List is
specified in ML22. (L.N. 95 of 2006) Technical Notes:
(L.N.
132 of 2001) 1. ‘Technical
data’ may take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables,
engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or
recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, read-only memories. 2. ‘Technical
assistance’ may take forms such as instruction, skills, training, working
knowledge, consulting services. ‘Technical assistance’ may involve transfer
of ‘technical data’. |
3 |
“Three dimensional integrated circuit” (三維集成電路) A collection of semiconductor dies or active
device layers, integrated together, and having through semiconductor via
connections passing completely through an interposer, substrate, die or layer
to establish interconnections between the device layers. An interposer is an
interface that enables electrical connections. (L.N. 27 of 2015; L.N. 89 of 2021) |
2 |
“Tilting spindle” (傾斜主軸) A tool-holding spindle which alters, during
the machining process, the angular position of its centre line with respect
to any other axis. |
6 |
“Time constant” (時間常數) The time taken from the application of a
light stimulus for the current increment to reach a value of 1-1/e times the
final value (i.e. 63% of the final value). |
9 |
“Tip shroud” (葉尖覆環) A stationary ring component (solid or
segmented) attached to the inner surface of the engine turbine casing or a
feature at the outer tip of the turbine blade, which primarily provides a gas
seal between the stationary and rotating components. (L.N. 161 of 2011) |
7 |
“Total control of flight” (飛行全控) An automated control of “aircraft” state
variables and flight path to meet mission objectives responding to real time
changes in data regarding objectives, hazards or other “aircraft”. |
5 |
“Total digital transfer rate” (總數字傳送率) The number of bits, including line coding,
overhead and so forth per unit time passing between corresponding equipment
in a digital transmission system. (See also “digital transfer rate”) |
1 |
“Tow” (纖束) A bundle of “monofilaments”, usually
approximately parallel. |
1 2 |
“Toxins” (毒素) Toxins in the form of deliberately isolated
preparations or mixtures, no matter how produced, other than toxins present
as contaminants of other materials such as pathological specimens, crops, foodstuffs
or seed stocks of “microorganisms”. |
6 |
“Transfer laser” (傳送雷射器) A “laser” in which the lasing species is
excited through the transfer of energy by collision of a non-lasing atom or
molecule with a lasing atom or molecule species. |
6 |
“Tunable” (可調式) The ability of a “laser” to produce a
continuous output at all wavelengths over a range of several “laser”
transitions. A line selectable “laser” produces discrete wavelengths within
one “laser” transition and is not considered “tunable”. |
2 |
“Unidirectional positioning repeatability” (單向定位重複性) The smaller of values R↑(forward)
and R↓(backward)
of an individual machine tool axis, as defined by paragraph 3.21 of ISO 230/2
(2014) or national equivalents. (L.N. 42 of 2017) |
1 5 6 7 9 ML10 |
“Unmanned aerial vehicles” (“UAVs”) (無人駕駛飛行載具) (L.N. 89 of 2021) Any “aircraft” capable of initiating flight
and substaining controlled flight and navigation without any human presence
on board. (L.N. 89 of 2013) |
0 |
“Uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233”
(濃縮同位素235 或 233的鈾) Uranium containing the isotopes 235 or 233,
or both, in an amount such that the abundance ratio of the sum of these
isotopes to the isotope 238 is more than the ratio of the isotope 235 to the
isotope 238 occurring in nature (isotopic ratio 0.71%). (L.N. 161 of 2011; L.N. 89 of 2021) |
GTN NTN All |
“Use” (使用) Operation, installation (including on-site
installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul and refurbishing. |
6 Def. |
“User-accessible programmability” (由使用者進行程式更改) (L.N. 89 of 2021) The facility allowing a user to insert,
modify or replace “programmes” by means other than: (a) A
physical change in wiring or interconnections; or (b) The
setting of function controls including entry of parameters. |
1 |
“Vaccine” (預防疫苗) A medicinal product in a pharmaceutical
formulation licensed by, or having marketing or clinical trial authorization
from, the regulatory authorities of either the country of manufacture or of
use, which is intended to stimulate a protective immunological response in
humans or animals in order to prevent disease in those to whom or to which it
is administered. (L.N. 89 of 2021) |
1 |
“Vacuum atomization” (真空霧化) (L.N. 65 of 2004) A process to reduce a molten stream of metal
to droplets of a diameter of 500μm or less by the rapid evolution of a
dissolved gas upon exposure to a vacuum. |
3 |
“Vacuum electronic devices” (真空電子裝置) Electronic devices based on the interaction
of an electron beam with an electromagnetic wave propagating in a vacuum
circuit or interacting with radio-frequency vacuum cavity resonators. “Vacuum
electronic devices” include klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, and their
derivatives. (L.N. 89 of 2021) |
7 |
“Variable geometry airfoils” (可變幾何翼面) Use of trailing edge flaps or tabs, or
leading edge slats or pivoted nose droop, the position of which can be
controlled in flight. |
1 |
“Yarn” (紗線) A bundle of twisted ‘strands’. N.B.: ‘Strand’ is a bundle of “monofilaments”
(typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel. (E.R. 6 of 2020) |
(L.N. 247 of 1997; L.N. 183 of 1999; L.N. 132 of 2001; L.N. 65 of 2004;
L.N. 95 of 2006; L.N. 254 of 2008; L.N. 226 of 2009; L.N. 161 of 2011; E.R. 2
of 2012; L.N. 89 of 2013; L.N. 42 of 2017; L.N. 89 of 2021)
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